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' 6Sheets-Sheet 1( 0. HEIKBL. MACNETC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No.v 246,010. Patented Aug. 23,1881.

6 Sheetm--Sheeil 2. O. HEIKEL. f'

MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

No. 246,010. Patented Aug. 23,1881.

S Sheets-Sheet 3 0. HEIKEL.

MACNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented Aug, 23,1881.

- 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

o. HEIKEL.

MACNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE..

N0..246,010. Patented Aug. 23,1881.

1/ CI 7L 'sneens-sheet 5.

'Patented A11-g. 23, 1881.

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G Sheets-Sheet 6.

0. HBIKEL.

MACNETC ELECTRIC MACHINE.

N o. 246,010. Patented Aug. 23,1881.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OTTO HEIKEL, OF JERSEY CITY, NEWy JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MAGNETO-ELECTRI-C MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 246,010, dated' August 23, 1881.

Application tiled November 14, 1878. Patented in France September 15, 1877.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that l, OTTO HEIKEL, of Jersey City, in the county ot` Hudson and State ot' New Jersey, have invented an Improvement in Magneto-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

Magneto-electric machines have been lnade in which a shaft is provided with a head carrying armatures in the form of electro-mag 1o nets, and these are revolved contiguous to the stationary magnets. Instruments or machines ot this character are shown in Letters Patent Nos.168,018 and 184,377 granted tome, and in the latter patent the revolving magnets are connected with commutators in such a manner that a portion of the induced current passes through the helices of the iield-of-'orce magnets, and provision is made for subdividing the currents by Winding the helices in sections zo and grouping the Wires of the respective sections, so that more than one circuit can be established.

The present improvement relates toa machine in which the armatures and helices are peculiarly constructed,-so that the cores are magnetized and a current set up in the helices in consequence ofthe helix being moved across the tield of magnetic influence ofthe stationary magnets, and also to 'the construction and ar- 3o rangement of the circuit-connections, whereby the induced current can be taken oft' separately from the helix in the revolving armature and employed for separate operations, and when desired such currents are led back to the ma- 3 5 chine to intensify the electric current in the helices of the iield'of-force magnets.

ln the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section ot' the machine. Fig. 2 is a cross-section. Fig. 3 is a diagram representing the cir- 4o cuit-connections, and Fig. 4 is an end view representin g the commutator.

The shaft a is in suitable bearings, b, and revolved by power applied to the pulley or pulleys o. Upon this shaft a is the armature disk or ring d, having projecting armature-cores c c that stand outfrom each side ofthe disk, and the ends are beveled to correspond, or nearly so, with the external shape of the helix fof each armature-core. These helices f are wound ina 5o peculiar manner. The wire is passed beneath the edge of the core next theshafta; then along the side ofthe core, over the edge of n the disk d, and down beneath the other end ot' the core, and then along at the other side over the edge of the disk, and down and beneath the first end of the core, and so -on until the proper length of helix-wire is introduced. By this manner of winding each pair of armaturecores is surrounded by a helix, the wires of which are nearly in a radial plane, except where 6o they pass across beneath each core from one side to the other.

The lield-ot'tbrce magnets 7L h (see Figs. 1 and 9) are made With the ends ot' their poles at an inclination, so as to be close to the revolvin g armature-cores, and these magnets are to bel so Wound or connected that the same poles (N. or S.) are in pairs opposite to each other. Hence each armature-core and'its helix as it rotates is moved across the magnetic field 7o between the poles ofthe tield-of-force magnets, and the maximum inductive eitect is set up in the cores and helices 'ot' the revolving armatures.

It is now to be understood that the magnetoelectric machine having these peculiar revolving armature cores Iand helices is to be used for any purpose to which such machines are usually applied, and that the circuit-connections can be made through commutators, 8o so as to maintain a continuous current in one direction, or to produce alternate currents, and that when the Anumber of eld-of-force magnets is different from the number of armature helices and cores the pulsations will be more numerous. I have, however, represented the helices as connected for producing alternate currents and for taking ott as many separate circuits as there are armature-helices;

another wire, so that the current is taken oi through the lield-otforce magnets, as hereinroo after described.

By having several commutatorsprmgs, as

shown, the spark at each is lessened, but only two are required, as indicated in the diagram, Fig. 3.

The helices of the armatnrecores may all be connected into one metallic circuit, as shown in Fig. 3, and connections are taken oft' from between the helices to the insulated rings l 2 3 4 5 6, each of which has its corresponding brush or spring to a binding-screw for a circuit-wire to be taken oft' for as many different uses as there are different armature-cores, or two or more such wires can be united for one duty, the circuit being completed by the return-wire t t', but if the current is to be carried through the ield-of-force magnets the returncircuit comes to the rings a' and g/ respectively. rlhis feature ofthe improvement allows for establishing one electric circuit for one or more electric lights, and the effective ness ofthe other circuits is not destroyed by the derangement or extinguishment ot' any one light.

I remark that the wires from the armaturehelices must be so selected that the same polarity ot' current will ilow toward the ring y during the time that the current ot' opposite polarity liows toward ring w.

The circuit-connections, as shown in Fig. 3, presuppose that the field-of-forcc magnets are arranged so that the poles alternate, N. S., as indicated; hence, as the armature-helices are revolved in the direction of the arrow l2, the currents will all travel in the direction of the arrows, and when the armature-helices and cores pass beyond the eld-ot'force magnets the directions of thc currents will all be reversed, thus causing the currents to alternate and at the rings a: and y.

The commutator-bars are so positioned in reference to the commutator springs or brushes that when the bars Z that are connected tothe ring y are in contact with the brush m the positive or current passes from the ring y and bar I., and when that bar comes in contact with the brush m it is ofthe reverse polarity, the ring y and circuit-connections having been reversed in their polarity as aforesaid, and the alternate bars Z to the ring x act in a similar manner, so that in all instances the alternate positive and negative currents set up in the armature-helices are converted by the commutators into currents in one direction in the eld-of-foree helices.

A battery or other source ot' electric force may be used to energize the lield-ot'torce magnets or in starting the machine. In that case 'the same will be connected to the helices of such fieldfof-i'orce magnets.

The armature-helices may be connected in groups for intensity, or separately for quantity, and I remark that the armature cores and helices may remain stationary on the central shaft while the other parts are revolved around the same.

The sectional coils or helices shown in my Patent No. 184,877 may be used in this magnetoeleetro machine, and I prefer and have represented the feld-otiorce magnets as elongated in the direction in which the armature cores revolve, as shown in the same patent.

lVhen one revolving core is exactly opposite the center of one of the field-otforce cores the magnetism of the core is at the maximum intensity, but as this is the point at which the direction of the current in the helices changes, such current is nil. I call this the culminating77 point in the magneto-electric machine.

The commutator springs or brushes are represented as supported, by studs r, upon a ring, c, that is adjustable, so as to properly place the same so that the commutator-springs pass oit' one bar upon the next at the culminating point.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated the improvement with six ield-Of-iorce magnets and twelve armature cores and helices. The construction and operations oi' the parts are the same as before described; but it is preferable to connect the helices alternately, as represented, so that the armature helices in which the secondary currents cliange direction at the same time, or have the same culminating points, shall be connected together. It' there are a ditl'erent number ot' armature helices to the tleld-otforce magnets, then the helices and armatures that have the same culminating points are to be connected. In Fig. 6 there are eight armaturehelices and six iield-of-force magnets, and the opposite helices are connected, and each helix is to contain two coils, only two connections being illustrated. When the culminating points of two helices are close togetherone helix can be connected to the next in one closed circuit, as illustrated in Fig. 7, where a large number of helices and tield-of-torce magnets are represented with their connections. be wound with double wires, and connected up, as before described, but in duplicate, and the currents from one set of the double helices may be taken to the tield-of1orce magnets and the other currents tor electric lights or other objects. lt' desired, the current from one or more ot' the armature helices, Fig. 3, can be taken to the iield-of-foree helices and the other currents otherwise employed.

Vhen eommutators are directly applied in the circuits that pass oft' from the helices e, so as to obtain currents flowing continuously in one direction, then the circuit-connection from each com mutator-spring may be taken olf separately' for any desired electric operation, and the return-circuits t t may be connected as at t', or the same may tirst be led through the tield-of-torce magnets h, the commutator m m x y being dispensed with.

Fig.8 represents a disk with cores and coils made as aforesaid, but composing the field-ot'- force electro-magnets, and the ield-of-force magnets are replaced by helices it', that are wound in a similar manner to the armaturehelices. I employ a case ot' sheet metal, (non` magnetic,) such as copper. Said case is of a rlhe cores may IOO IIO

double conoidal form at each side of a cylinder, as seen at s?, so that it'is close to the ex terior surface ot' the armature-helices that revolve within such ease. Upon the outside ot' this case there are plates that project in the plane ofthe radius, and, around them are helices of insulated wire, the wires being wound at the sides and across the ends of such plates, and hence such wires also are mostly in a radial plane, and cross the magnetic iield ofthe revolving magnets.

The outer case and helices may stand stillr while the inner disk and eld-ot'force magnets are revolved, or the reverse, or both may be revolved in opposite directions.

The connections from the respective helices may be made in any desired or convenient manner, and it is to be understood that in the helices h around the case s2 a secondary current is inducted bythe electro-magnets revolving` within such helices h. The machine will be made more powerful by an iron case, u2,

surrounding the helices h', as the same becomes magnetized by the revolving magnets. This case u2 may be made ot' wire coiled into the shape represented.

In the cross-section, Fig. 10, and longitudinal section, Fig. 11, I have represented a modiiication of my aforesaid mode ot' winding the helices. ln this form the wires cross inside of the ring` instead of over the outer edge of the ring or disk. In these iigures the. ring d is represented as a coil ot' wire. It may be solid.

The armature-cores are in the form ot' bars e',

that cross the outside edges ot" these rings, and are connected by the magnetcores e, that are at each side ot' the ring and pass beneath it, and the helices are composed of wires wound over one end of e down through the opening ofthe ring up over the other end of e', and back through the ring and over therlrst end ot' e, and so on. In this form the inductive action is the same as bet'ore described, the only difference being that the helixwires pass th rough the ling instead ot over the outer edge.

Fig. 9 is an end viewot' the field-magnet, partly in section.

The ring d is supported upon the shaft a by clamping-disks, as represented in Fig. 11, or in any other suitable manner.

I am aware that separate currents have been taken from detached helices in a magneto-electric machine, but in that case there was a complete separate circuit to each helix. In my machine the helices are connected in one or more closed circuits, and by my arrangement the currents are taken ott' separately for sepa` rate uses,.but returned through one or more common conductors, and if either of the separate lines is broken or injured the others continue to operate.

For the further illustration of the various arrangements in which the circuit connections in my machine may be taken oft' I have intro duced the diagrams, Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15.

The connections in Fig. 12 are further illus trative ot' the devices represented in Fig. 6. The opposite armature-helices are connected in pairs. There are six such helices shown, and six field-magnets. .Two opposite helices are connected together and to the commutatorplates. There are six commutator-plates, three ot' them on the ring m, and three on the ring 1 so that the bars 51, 52, and 53 are connected together and to the branch-wire that leads to the one end ot' each helix f4, and the intermediate three commutator-plates, 54, 55, and 56, are connected together and to the other branch wire. As these helices f4 pass the stationary field-magnets lt in succession currents are set up in the directions indicated by the arrows and the reverse, and by thecommutator-brushes m m the currents are taken ot't' continuously in the same directions and go through the iieldhelices h. The pairf5 ot' armature-helices are connected, and the current passes by the wire 6() and ring t to a light or other working device, L, returning by thering 3 and wire 6l to the opposite ends ot' the helices f5. This pair ot' helices is connected so as to obtain quantity-in the `electric current. The two armature-helices,f5, are connected by one wire, the negative end ot' one to the positive ofthe other, to obtain intensity ot' current, and the current passes by the wire G2 and ring 2 to a light or other working device, and returns by the ring l and wire 63. By these arrangements currents from two armature-helices are made continuons in one direction to the field-magnets, and those from the other helices alternate in polarityv and pass to the lights or other working devices, and one connection is made for intensity otl current and theother forquantity. It will be apparent that the helices may be all connected alike, according to the object for which the machine is used.

In Fig. 13 six field-helices, h, and twelve armature-helices, j', are represented. The armature-helices fare connected into two closed circuits,as indicated by dotted and t'ull lilies, the helices ot' one circuit alternating with those ot' the other,as before mentioned, and there are two sets of commutator-bars and two sets ot' brushes. The currents from the opposite commutator-brushes flow one outwardly and the other inwardly, and the connections are made to the respective armature-plates, as indicated, and the currents flow out Jfrom one pair of commutator-brushes and in through the next pair, and soon. Thepositivecurrentsfromthreebrushes ot' the inner range ot' commutator-bars go through the eldhelices 7L. At L are represented electric lights or other workin g devices. The circuits from the intermediate brushes are taken oft" and returned, as illustrated, so that an outgoing current has two routes for return, and the injury or breakage of one circuit does not prevent the operation otl the other lamps or injure the current to the field-magnets. In this mode of connection the positive brushes are connected with the negative brushes for intensity ot' current, and the currents pass IIO IIS

through the field-magnets and also through the lights or other working devices, and the currents are not reversed eXceptin the armaturehelices, and the currents in all the circuit counections flow continuously.

In Fig. 14 the same circuit-connections are shown as in Fig. 13, with the exception that a light or other working device is represented at L in each outgoing circuit from the respective brushes, and all the outgoing circuits are grouped together and pass into the helices of the field-magnets 7L, and all the incoming currents to the opposite brushes are connected to the other ends of the tieldhelices, so that the entire currents pass through the field-helices; but the efficiency of the machine will not he injured by the cessation of any one light, the general electro-motive force will only be lessened.

In Fig. 15 there are six field-helices, h, and eight double armature-helices, f. As shown in Fig. 6, the helices are connected in pairs across to opposite sides. The connections to four only of the double armature-helices are represented, to avoid confusion. These connections are to double commutators, each having eight plates, and the six commutatorsprings to each coinmutator are disposed, with reference to the position of the six eld-magnets, so as to take off the currents at the proper points. The outgoing and incoming currents from eight commutator-springs pass through lights or other working devices L, and the positire and negative wires are connected as shown. The iiel=l-niagnets are energized by currents taken oft' from the pairs ot opposite commutator bars, and each pair of double armature-helices and their eommutator-plates, as they come around to the particular commutator-brushes, yield their quota to the field-helices.

I am aware that currents have been taken oft' by commutator-brushes from a magnetoelectric machine and brought to one common conductor and then employed in an electric light or other electric device. By my improvement I am enabled to employ the currents separately before they reach the common conductor, and thereby operate numerous electric devices separately', and by returningthe currents by a common conductor the efficiency of thc machine is not interfered with by eitherot` the local circuits being broken.

I claim as my inventionl.. In a magneto-electric machine, one or more ranges of armature helices connected in one or more closed circuits within the machine and circuit lconnections passing from the respective helices to an electric light or other device to be operated by electricity and returning to the machine through one or more common conductors, substantially as set forth.

2. The armature or electro-magnet cores in a magneto-electric machine, projecting at each side of a disk or central support, in combination with the helix-wires wound across the central support and at the sides ofthe cores and around the ends, substantially as set forth.

3. rIhe combination, in a magneto-electric machine, of a range of cores and helices connected together in a closed circuit, insulated rings upon the revolving shaft, connections from the rings to the respective helices, a circuit spring and separate circuit-connections to each ring, return-circuit connections, a commutator for the return-circuit connections, and a teld-of-force magnet in the circuit from the com mutator, substantially as set forth.

4. In an electric system adapted to numerous lights or other devices operated by electricity, a dynamo-electric generator having an armature with two or more helices or sections, collecting-springs, and circuitconnections, substantially as specified, whereby the current passes in both directions from the springs, through the working devices, and then through the helices ot' the iield-maguets, substantially as specified.

Signed by me this 4th day of November, A. D. 1878.

OTT() HEIKEL. Witnesses GEO. T. PINCKNEY,

WILLIAM G. Mo'r'r. 

